http://hdl.handle.net/2261/85 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences 2013-06-20T01:51:14Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54884 タイトル: 中国甘粛省および内蒙古自治区における内陸河川の水質特性 著者: 秋山, 知宏; 藤田, 耕史; 中尾, 正義; 安部, 豊; 辻村, 真貴 抄録: 本研究では、中国西北地方の乾燥域である黒河流域と、隣接する石羊河流域を対象とし水質形成過程を検討した。その結果、両流域ともに、砂漠域の地下水は山麓域のそれと比較して高塩分濃度であった。乾燥域では通常、流下に伴い蒸発作用により溶存成分の濃度が上昇することが一般的であるが、黒河流域では山麓域からオアシス域にかけて低濃度の地下水の流出によって希釈され、地下水の河川流量に対する寄与率は、オアシス域では80%程度にも達することが示唆された。石羊河の主流は山麓域でその全てが堰き止められているため、砂漠域に到達する河川水の大部分はオアシス域の支流から流れてきた水が占める。そのため、砂漠域における河川水の水質組成は支流と同じであった。; Field investigations have been performed in order to understand the characteristics of chemistry of river water and groundwater in the Heihe and the Shiyang river basins in August and September 2001. These rivers are inland rivers in an arid area, which originate from glaciers in the headwaters and disappear in the desert area. The basins could be divided into three areas based on characteristics of water quality as well as the topography and the vegetation, those are mountain, oases and desert areas. High salinity was found in both basins, and the salinity was the highest in the desert area of both basins. Generally, a river in an arid area must be concentrated in salinity as it flows because of strong evaporation effect. In the mountain to oases areas of the Heihe river basin, however, the river was diluted with groundwater of low chemical concentration, and the contribution of groundwater to the total discharge would be approximately 80%. The discharge of the main stream of the Shiyang river is completely dammed up in the mountain area. Therefore, the chemical compositions in the desert area should be similar with that of a tributary in the oases area, but different from that of the main stream in the mountain area. 内容記述: 研究ノート 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54883 タイトル: Surfacewater-groundwater interaction in the Heihe River basin, Northwestern China 著者: Akiyama, Tomohiro; Sakai, Akiko; Yamazaki, Yusuke; Wang, Genxu; Fujita, Koji; Nakawo, Masayoshi; Kubota, Jumpei; Konagaya, Yuki 抄録: River discharge and groundwater level data were collected in the Heihe River basin, which is the second largest inland river in Northwestern China. The surfacewater-groundwater interaction, particularly in the lower desert reaches, was analyzed with the help of isotope data of water collected from the river. In the non-irrigation period, river water, which originated from the groundwater in the middle oasis reaches, was present throughout the period in the lower desert reaches. During this period, the river water recharged the groundwater not only in the riparian forest region located near the river but also in the desert-riparian fringe region located farther away from the river. In the irrigation period, the river was usually dried up in the lower desert reaches. The river water in the lower reaches appeared just after short-term releases from the middle reaches; the groundwater level in the riparian forest region rose rapidly, but it declined again just after the short-term releases finished. Since the mixing ratio of the short-term released discharge to the groundwater in the desert-riparian fringe region was smaller than that in the riparian forest region, the short-term released discharge did not contribute to the groundwater recharge in the desert-riparian fringe region. 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54845 タイトル: Integral Approach to Environmental Leadership Education : An Exploration in the Heihe River Basin, Northwestern China 著者: Akiyama, Tomohiro; Li, Jia; Tokunaga, Tomochika; Onuki, Motoharu; An, Kyoung-Jin; Hoshiko, Tomomi; Ikeda, Izumi 抄録: An education program called Asian Program for Incubation of Environmental Leaders (APIEL) was established in 2008 by the University of Tokyo. The need arises to equip the students with a wide knowledge base and practical skills related to global and regional environmental issues. This paper explores an integral framework for environmental leadership education, and show how this framework has been used to conduct one of the APIEL field exercises in the Heihe River basin, Northwestern Arid China. The framework was developed by modifying Ken Wilber’s 4-quadrant approach. Our conclusion is that the use of an integral approach is effective in not only understanding environmental issues of complexity, but also development and management of environmental leadership education programs. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54823 タイトル: Environmental Leadership Education for Tackling Water Environmental Issues in Arid Regions 著者: Akiyama, Tomohiro; Li, Jia 編者: Mino, Takashi; Hanaki, Keisuke 抄録: This chapter introduces one of the APIEL fi eld exercises, the Oasis Unit, which is conducted in northwestern China. To equip the students with a wide knowledge base and practical skills, this unit is strongly fi eld-oriented and applies in its course design the Integral Approach proposed by Ken Wilber. The approach provides a trans-/cross-disciplinary framework for identifying environmental problems of complexity, as well as bringing together methodologies from different fi elds and leadership qualities. After four years of implementation, the approach is considered successful in educational program design for environmental leadership and for promoting the leadership development of participants. 内容記述: Chapter 5 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z