http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp:80/dspace DSpaceデジタルリポジトリシステムは、デジタル化された研究資料について収集、格納、索引付け、保存、公開を行います。 Wed, 19 Jun 2013 08:11:13 GMT 2013-06-19T08:11:13Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54902 タイトル: Product Downsizing and Hidden Price Increases : Evidence from Japan's Deflationary Period 著者: Imai, Satoshi; Watanabe, Tsutomu 抄録: Consumer price inflation in Japan has been below zero since the mid-1990s. Given this, it is difficult for firms to raise product prices in response to an increase in marginal cost. One pricing strategy firms have taken in this situation is to reduce the size or the weight of a product while leaving the price more or less unchanged, thereby raising the effective price. In this paper, we empirically examine the extent to which product downsizing occurred in Japan as well as the effects of product downsizing on prices and quantities sold. Using scanner data on prices and quantities for all products sold at about 200 supermarkets over the last ten years, we find that about one third of product replacements that occurred in our sample period were accompanied by a size/weight reduction. The number of product replacements with downsizing has been at a high level since 2007. We also find that prices declined more for product replacements that involved a larger decline in size or weight. Our regression result shows that a 1 percentage point larger size/weight reduction is associated with a 0.45 percentage point larger price decline. Finally, we show that the quantities sold decline with product downsizing, and that the responsiveness of quantity changes to size/weight changes is almost the same as the price elasticity, indicating that consumers are sensitive to size/weight changes as they are to price changes. It implies that quality adjustments based on per-unit prices, which are widely adopted by statistical agencies in various countries, may be an appropriate way to deal with product downsizing. 内容記述: 2012～2017年度科学研究費補助金[基盤研究(S)]「長期デフレの解明」(研究代表者 東京大学経済学研究科・渡辺努, 課題番号：24223003) Sat, 01 Jun 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54902 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54901 タイトル: A Note on Deadjectival Nominalizations and Verbalizations in Japanese 著者: Morita, Chigusa Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54901 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54900 タイトル: Redundant Hito, Polite Kata, and Derogative Yatsu in Japanese : Human-Denoting Light Nouns as a Window into Noun Phrase Structure 著者: Inokuma, Sakumi 抄録: This article demonstrates that even languages like Japanese, where functional heads and hierarchical syntactic structures they carry about are hard to identify, indeed have much elaborate structure. The present interest is fine structure of nominal phrases, and clues to the investigation come from expressions which can be called “human-denoting light nouns,” that is, semi-lexical nouns such as hito, kata, and yatsu, all of which denote human beings. Of importance in light of syntactic analysis is the fact that (i) they can occur “redundantly” in a position following full-lexical nouns that denote human beings themselves (e.g., gengogakusha ‘linguist,’ Amerika-jin ‘American’ etc.) and that (ii) the occurrence of these light nouns obeys subtle but consistent selectional restrictions. The goal of the present article is to lay down the basic data, which to my knowledge have been little noticed in the formal syntactic literature, and to point out that there is a lot of work for us Japanese syntacticians to do in this vast domain. Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54900 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54899 タイトル: The Structure and Derivation of the VP Focus Pseudocleft Sentences in Japanese 著者: Ishihara, Yuki 抄録: This paper considers the structure of the VP focus pseudocleft construction in Japanese and claims that the focus phrase constitutes nP headed by koto, which nominalizes such verbal phrases as VP, vP, VoiceP and Hon2P. It will also be shown that the pseudocleft construction and the no da construction are derived from the same underlying structure containing VP-koto-o suru via focus movement, along the lines proposed by Hiraiwa and Ishihara (2012). Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2261/54899 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z