トリックスター、エコ・ツーリズム、ディベロップメント : パプアニューギニア高地村落における開発実践

Abstract

In the discipline of anthropology, development studies in the rural areas in developing countries should be dealt with as a field of social-cultural transformations. The Imbonggu of the Papua New Guinea Highlands started the indigenous development project, centered around the Wamb-Wenewene Association. This article tries to locate this indigenous development movement in the context of Imbonggu civilization history which started from the mid-1950s and the Imbonggu mythological background. In the first section, I depict how the English concept, ‘development',was accepted and transformed into the Imbonggu culture as ‘debelopmen'. In the second section, as an ethnographic background, I glimpse how the Western civilization arrived to the neolithic cultures of Papua New Guinea Highlands including the Imbonggu and bring them to cultural transformations. In the third section, I decipher the indigenous development movement, ‘Wamb-Wenewene Association'which is an eco-tourism project through an anthropological concept, ‘trickster'. In the fourth section, I describe the process of a gift ceremony, ‘pig-kill', celebrated in August 2006 at Ambupulu village in the Imbonggu, through which the Ambupulu commitment to the Wamb-Wenewene Association was agreed. And, in the conclusion, I abstract the principles of dynamics in the indegenous development movement, the Wamb-Wenewene Association, and make some suggestions to the development studies from standpoint of cultural anthropology.