本稿では文字やサイズなどといった断片の外形的特徴や言語特徴から同一の写本に属していたと推定されるドイツ所蔵の一群のトカラ語B断片を扱う。この写本のタイトルは現存していないが、筆者の研究によれば、これらの断片は本縁部に属する物語を伝えているため、本稿ではこの写本を『Avadāna写本』と称する。ここでは特にこれまで未公表であったTHT1165・THT1166・THT1249・THT1285・THT1507・THT1548・THT1680・THT1681・THT2976・THT2981・THT3054を中心に、これらの断片の転写と和訳を提示すると同時に、梵文並びに漢訳仏典を利用して断片の比定を行う。これらは[a]THT1165+THT1548及びTHT1166+THT2976、[b]THT1285+THT1507+THT1680+THT2981.frg.1+THT3054及びTHT1249+THT1681+THT2981.frg.6という四葉のfolioに還元でき、[a]の物語は«Jyotiṣka-avadāna»に、[b]の物語は漢訳『大荘嚴論経』第65章・『雑寶蔵経』第24章「娑羅那比丘為惡生王所苦惱縁」及び蔵文«Karmaśataka»第89話«Sarana»に比定されるが、文体から見てこれらの物語に基づいたトカラ仏教の側のadaptationであると判断される。また、現在までのところ、筆者によって再構された『Avadāna写本』は他言語中に一致する文献が確認されないため、トカラ仏教の側で独自に編纂されたか、或いは現在は失われたAvadāna集成に基づいたものと考えられる。
In this paper I introduce those Tocharian B fragments kept in the Berlin collection that could belong to one and the same manuscript. Except for the quotation of some verbal forms, most of them have been left unpublished. Given that these fragments give avadānas or jātakas, this manuscript will be called the "Avadāna manuscript" here. The following criteria will be used to decide which fragments should belong to this manuscript: [1]: Paleography of the Brāhmī script// [2]: the size, the usage of horizontal rules, and the spacing between them// The main focus will be given to THT1165, THT1166, THT1249, THT1285, THT1507, THT1548, THT1680, THT1681, THT2976, THT2981 and THT3054. On the basis of my research, they can be joined to each other directly, and it is possible to reconstruct four folios of the same manuscript, namely [a] THT1165 + THT1548 and THT1166 + THT2976, [b] THT1285 + THT1507 + THT1680 + THT2981.frg.1 + THT3054 and THT1249 + THT1681 + THT2981.frg.6. The join of them enables us to identify [a] as the Jyotiṣka-avadāna and [b] as the Sārana given as the 65th chapter of the Kalpanāmaṇḍitikā in Chinese and Sanskrit or the 89th story of the Karmaśataka in Tibetan. As far as I could identify, the "Avadāna manuscript" can be reconstructed as follows: [Fragments of which content or the position in the manuscript was identified] -THT1165 + THT1548 [folio <43>], THT1166 + THT2976 recto: Jyotiṣka-avadāna// -THT1166 + THT2976 verso, THT1556: Śroṇakoṭiviṃśa-avadāna// -THT1253 + THT3056: Dhanika-avadāna// -THT1551[folio<187>], THT1683[folio<190>], THT3124(?):(?)// -THT1285 + THT1507 + THT1680 + THT2981.frg.1 + THT3054: Sāraṇa THT1249 + THT1681+ THT2981.frg.6[folio<287>]: Sāraṇa// -THT1168 + THT3034: Padmaḥ// -THT1554 + THT3112: Kacchapa-jātaka(?)// -THT2996 + THT2999: (?)// [Unidentified] THT409, THT1126, THT1167, THT1245, THT1250, THT1513, THT1611, THT1652.frg.2, THT2981.frg.7, THT2995, THT2998, THT3035, THT3052, THT3053, THT3083, THT3091, THT3110, THT3128, THT3208, THT3237// However, the style of the Tocharian B version indicates that they should be an adaptation of these stories in the Tocharian Buddhism. It is also worthy of notice that no compilation in Sanskrit of avadānas or jātakas is known which has the same stories as the "Avadāna manuscript" in Tocharian B, a fact which suggests the possibility that the "Avadāna manuscript" was compiled within Tocharian Buddhism or was based on a lost compilation in Sanskrit. The "Avadāna manuscript" could reflect how Tocharian Buddhism accepted the Buddhist literature transmitted from India.
内容記述
論文 Articles
雑誌名
東京大学言語学論集
巻
32
ページ
109 - 243
発行年
2012-09-30
ISSN
13458663
書誌レコードID
AN10148796
日本十進分類法
801
出版者
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部言語学研究室
出版者別名
Department of Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo
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トカラ語Bの『Avadāna写本』断片について
ggr032007.pdf
(16.7MB)
