Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University
Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
International Coastal Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
Research Center for Oceanography-Indonesian Institute of Science
Center for International Cooperation, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
抄録
Indonesia as an archipelago country relies on shipping for multipurpose transportation, and therefore has a potential risk of butyltin (BT) based biocide contamination. The available data were limited to BT accumulation in surface sea water, sediment, bivalves and fish collected sporadically at restricted areas in 1998 and 2001-2005 showing the presence of ‘hot spots’ in the country. BT concentrations in sediments (dry wt), bivalves (wet wt) and fish (wet wt) in hot spots (big harbors in Bitung, Jakarta, Surabaya and Medan were in range of 209-425, 23-320, 5-64 and 0.41-19 ng g<-1>, respectively, mostly in order of TBT>DBT>MBT. Occurrence of imposex in gastropods (Thais spp) has been also detected in 1989 in a remote island, Ambon Island. Among locations surveyed, commercial harbors and marina are highly contaminated, and in particular BTs levels in sediments of harbors are hundreds folds that in the fisheries areas, indicating the major input of BTs are from antifouling paints of ships. Sediments are of great concern as the deposited BTs could be potential sources in the future, even if after the global ban had been effectively implemented. Moderate levels of BTs in aquaculture areas have revealed the usage of BTs as biocides in aquaculture industries as well. This review shows the BT contamination has been in critical levels, since no restriction applied in this country, fresh input of BTs into the marine environment perhaps continues, and could expand and threaten continuously aquatic ecosystem in Asia-Pacific region, considering the geographical position of Indonesian waters. Monitoring program and ecotoxicological risk assessment with more range of ecosystem compartments are obviously necessary.
雑誌名
Coastal marine science
巻
32
号
1
ページ
116 - 126
発行年
2008-08-20
ISSN
13493000
書誌レコードID
AA11957899
フォーマット
application/pdf
日本十進分類法
452
出版者
International Coastal Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo
出版者別名
東京大学海洋研究所国際沿岸海洋研究センター
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Contamination status of butyltin compounds in Indonesian coastal waters
CMS320117.pdf
(296.64KB)
