WEKO3
アイテム
{"_buckets": {"deposit": "685f15eb-c80f-4add-b72a-5a9b41679ad1"}, "_deposit": {"id": "3354", "owners": [], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "3354"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp:00003354", "sets": ["280", "287"]}, "item_7_alternative_title_1": {"attribute_name": "その他のタイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_alternative_title": "イネ科植物の鉄-ホメオスタシスに関わる遺伝子の単離と解析"}]}, "item_7_biblio_info_7": {"attribute_name": "書誌情報", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2007-03-22", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographic_titles": [{}]}]}, "item_7_date_granted_25": {"attribute_name": "学位授与年月日", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_dategranted": "2007-03-22"}]}, "item_7_degree_grantor_23": {"attribute_name": "学位授与機関", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_degreegrantor": [{"subitem_degreegrantor_name": "University of Tokyo (東京大学)"}]}]}, "item_7_degree_name_20": {"attribute_name": "学位名", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_degreename": "博士(農学)"}]}, "item_7_description_5": {"attribute_name": "抄録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Iron (Fe) is an essential element required for various cellular events in plants, including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transport. Fe is also a component of the Fe-S cluster, which is present in numerous enzymes. Thus the acquisition of Fe from soil and its homeostasis is essential for normal plant growth. To understand the mechanisms of Fe acquisition and homeostasis, different genes involved in Fe-acquisition/homeostasis or Fe-deficiency induced stress tolerance were cloned from graminaceous plants. These include deoxymugineic acid synthase (DMAS) from rice (OsDMAS1), barley (HvDMAS1), wheat (TaDMAS1) and maize (ZmDMAS1) plants, glutathione reductase (GR) from barley (HvGR1 and HvGR2) and glutathione transporter like gene (OsGTL1) from rice. The expression patterns of these genes and their possible roles in Fe-acquisition as well as homeostasis were investigated.//1). Cloning and characterization of DMAS genes form graminaceous plants// Graminaceous plants have evolved a unique mechanism to acquire Fe and secrete a family of small molecules, called mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) in response to Fe-deficiency. MAs are synthesized form L-methionine. Three molecules of S-adenosyl methionine are combined together to form one molecule of nicotianamine (NA). The amino group of NA is transferred by NA-amino transferase to form 3\"-keto intermediate, which is subsequently reduced to deoxymugineic acid (DMA) by DMA synthase (DMAS). DMA is the first member of MAs and MAs share the same pathway from L-methionine to DMA and the subsequent steps may differ depending upon the plant species and even cultivars. Previously all the genes with the exception of DMAS, involved in MAs biosynthetic pathway have been cloned from rice and barley. DMAS was first isolated from rice (OsDMAS1) as a member of aldo-keto reductase super family (AKR) upregulated under Fe-deficiency and then its orthologs from barley (HvDMAS1), wheat (TaDMAS1), and maize (ZmDMAS1) were also cloned. Their nucleotide sequences indicate that OsDMAS1 encodes a predicted polypeptide of 318 amino acids, whereas the other three orthologs all encode predicted polypeptides of 314 amino acids and are highly homologous (82-97.5%) to each other. The DMAS genes belong to AKR and have homology to Papaver somniferum codeinone reductases (AKR4B2-3), and Medicago sativa (AKR4A2) and Glycine max (AKR4A1) chalcone polyketide reductases. Although strictly speaking it does not fall in to existing subfamilies of AKR4, however, after introduction of conservative substitutions, the identity with existing members of AKR4B reached up to 65% and ZmDMAS1, OsDMAS1, HvDMAS1 and TaDMAS1 were assigned the numbers from AKR4B5 to AKR4B8 respectively. DMAS proteins were expressed in E. coli. as maltose binding fusion proteins and all the recombinant proteins showed DMA synthesis activity in vitro. Their enzymatic activities were highest at pH 8 to 9, consistent with the hypothesis that DMA is synthesized in subcellular vesicles. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of each of the above DMAS genes is upregulated under Fe-deficient conditions in root tissue, and that of OsDMAS1 and TaDMAS1 are upregulated in shoot tissue. Western blot analysis confirmed that expression of DMAS is upregulated under Fe-deficiency. Moreover, it seems that low expression of DMAS is a rate limiting factor responsible for the low production of MAs in rice. OsDMAS1 promoter-GUS analysis in Fe-sufficient roots showed that its expression is restricted to cells participating in long-distance transport, and that it is highly upregulated in entire root under Fe-deficient conditions. In shoot tissue, OsDMAS1 promoter drove expression in vascular bundles specifically under Fe-deficient conditions. With the cloning of graminaceous DMAS, all the genes of MA biosynthetic pathway have been cloned form barley and rice. The cloning of DMAS is an important step in understanding the Fe acquisition and will help to develop transgenic rice highly tolerant to Fe-deficiency in alkaline soils. //2). Cloning and characterlization of glutathione reductase from barely// Glutathione reductase (GR) plays an important role in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants like salt stress, high temperature, low temperature and pathogen attack. Although GR is also involved in response to Fe-toxicity, little is know about expression patterns of GR under Fe-deficient conditions. The expression patterns and enzyme activities of GR in graminaceous plants under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions were examined by isolating cDNA clones for chloroplastic GR (HvGR1) and cytosolic GR (HvGR2) from barley. It was found that the sequences of GR1 and GR2 were highly conserved in graminaceous plants. Based on their nucleotide sequences, HvGR1 and HvGR2 were predicted to encode polypeptides of 550 and 497 amino acids, respectively. Both proteins showed in vitro GR activity, and the specific activity for HvGR1 was threefold that of HvGR2. Northern blot analyses were performed to examine the expression patterns of GR1 and GR2 in rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and maize (Zea mays). HvGR1, HvGR2, and TaGR2 were upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Moreover, HvGR1 and TaGR1 were mainly expressed in shoot tissues, whereas HvGR2 and TaGR2 were primarily observed in root tissues. It was observed that the expression of HvGR2 follows a diurnal rhythm in Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient plants. The GR activity increased in roots of barley, wheat, and maize and shoot tissues of rice, barley, and maize in response to Fe-deficiency. Furthermore, it appeared that GR was not posttranscriptionally regulated, at least in rice, wheat, and barley. These results suggest that GR may play a role in the Fe-deficiency induced stress response in graminaceous plants.//3). Cloning and Characterization of OsGTL1// Glutathione (GSH) is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development including redox control, storage and transport of reduced sulfur, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The transport and compartmentalization of GSH is essential to perform all these functions. A GSH transporter (GT) like genes was cloned from rice (OsGTL1) to understand its role in mitigating Fe-deficiency stress. OsGTL1 is a putative member of oligopeptide transporters (OPT) family, and was identified through microarray analysis as its expression was highly upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency in root and shoot tissue. OsGTL1 was predicted to encode a polypeptide of 757 amino acids containing 12 putative transmembrane domains. It contains the NPG domain (NPGPFxxKEH) and KP domain (KLGHYMKIPPR) earlier identified in AtOPTs. Seven homologs of OsGTL1 were identified in rice including previously characterized OsGT1. OsGTL1 showed high homology i.e. 82% homology to BjGT1 and 80% homology to AtOPT3. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of OsGTL1 is induced in response to Fe deficiency. OsGTL1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was localized to the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cell. Electrophysiological measurements using Xenopus leavis oocytes showed that OsGTL1 is a functional GSH transporter. GUS expression driven by OsGTL1 promoter was not observed in Fe-sufficient roots. In contrast, in Fe-deficient roots, high level of OsGTL1 promoter derived GUS expression was observed near root tips and the expression diluted as the distance from root tip increased. In shoot tissue, OsGTL1 promoter\u0027s expression was observed in whole leaf under Fe-deficient and specifically in vascular bundle under Fe-sufficient conditions. These results suggested that OsGTL1 is a novel glutathione transporter up-regulated under Fe-deficient conditions and may play a critical role in Fe-deficiency induced stress in rice.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_7_dissertation_number_26": {"attribute_name": "学位授与番号", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_dissertationnumber": "甲第22448号"}]}, "item_7_full_name_3": {"attribute_name": "著者別名", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "8091", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "バシル, クーラム"}]}]}, "item_7_identifier_registration": {"attribute_name": "ID登録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_identifier_reg_text": "10.15083/00003348", "subitem_identifier_reg_type": "JaLC"}]}, "item_7_select_21": {"attribute_name": "学位", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "doctoral"}]}, "item_7_subject_13": {"attribute_name": "日本十進分類法", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_subject": "616", "subitem_subject_scheme": "NDC"}]}, "item_7_text_22": {"attribute_name": "学位分野", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Agriculture(農学)"}]}, "item_7_text_24": {"attribute_name": "研究科・専攻", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (農学生命科学研究科農学国際専攻)"}]}, "item_7_text_27": {"attribute_name": "学位記番号", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "博農第3172号"}]}, "item_7_text_36": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Thesis"}]}, "item_7_text_4": {"attribute_name": "著者所属", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科農学国際専攻"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "著者", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Bashir, Khurram"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "8090", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "ファイル情報", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2017-05-31"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "K-122448-1.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "7.6 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 7600000.0, "url": {"label": "K-122448-1.pdf", "url": "https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/3354/files/K-122448-1.pdf"}, "version_id": "e1e544c4-1b51-43e6-945b-acc0f4f54568"}, {"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2017-05-31"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 1, "filename": "K-122448-2.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "3.1 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 3100000.0, "url": {"label": "K-122448-2.pdf", "url": "https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/3354/files/K-122448-2.pdf"}, "version_id": "d282833b-9216-46cc-8c5c-caad963ab632"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "言語", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "eng"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "thesis", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec"}]}, "item_title": "Cloning and characterization of genes involved in Fe-homeostasis in graminaceous plants", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "Cloning and characterization of genes involved in Fe-homeostasis in graminaceous plants"}]}, "item_type_id": "7", "owner": "1", "path": ["280", "287"], "permalink_uri": "https://doi.org/10.15083/00003348", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "公開日", "attribute_value": "2012-03-06"}, "publish_date": "2012-03-06", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "3354", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["Cloning and characterization of genes involved in Fe-homeostasis in graminaceous plants"], "weko_shared_id": null}
Cloning and characterization of genes involved in Fe-homeostasis in graminaceous plants
https://doi.org/10.15083/00003348
https://doi.org/10.15083/00003348f82855ce-2cd9-4963-8284-9631d6e1208f
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
---|---|---|
K-122448-1.pdf (7.6 MB)
|
|
|
K-122448-2.pdf (3.1 MB)
|
|
Item type | 学位論文 / Thesis or Dissertation(1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
公開日 | 2012-03-06 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | Cloning and characterization of genes involved in Fe-homeostasis in graminaceous plants | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | eng | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec | |||||
タイプ | thesis | |||||
ID登録 | ||||||
ID登録 | 10.15083/00003348 | |||||
ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
その他のタイトル | ||||||
その他のタイトル | イネ科植物の鉄-ホメオスタシスに関わる遺伝子の単離と解析 | |||||
著者 |
Bashir, Khurram
× Bashir, Khurram |
|||||
著者別名 | ||||||
識別子 | 8091 | |||||
識別子Scheme | WEKO | |||||
姓名 | バシル, クーラム | |||||
著者所属 | ||||||
著者所属 | 東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科農学国際専攻 | |||||
Abstract | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | Iron (Fe) is an essential element required for various cellular events in plants, including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transport. Fe is also a component of the Fe-S cluster, which is present in numerous enzymes. Thus the acquisition of Fe from soil and its homeostasis is essential for normal plant growth. To understand the mechanisms of Fe acquisition and homeostasis, different genes involved in Fe-acquisition/homeostasis or Fe-deficiency induced stress tolerance were cloned from graminaceous plants. These include deoxymugineic acid synthase (DMAS) from rice (OsDMAS1), barley (HvDMAS1), wheat (TaDMAS1) and maize (ZmDMAS1) plants, glutathione reductase (GR) from barley (HvGR1 and HvGR2) and glutathione transporter like gene (OsGTL1) from rice. The expression patterns of these genes and their possible roles in Fe-acquisition as well as homeostasis were investigated.//1). Cloning and characterization of DMAS genes form graminaceous plants// Graminaceous plants have evolved a unique mechanism to acquire Fe and secrete a family of small molecules, called mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) in response to Fe-deficiency. MAs are synthesized form L-methionine. Three molecules of S-adenosyl methionine are combined together to form one molecule of nicotianamine (NA). The amino group of NA is transferred by NA-amino transferase to form 3"-keto intermediate, which is subsequently reduced to deoxymugineic acid (DMA) by DMA synthase (DMAS). DMA is the first member of MAs and MAs share the same pathway from L-methionine to DMA and the subsequent steps may differ depending upon the plant species and even cultivars. Previously all the genes with the exception of DMAS, involved in MAs biosynthetic pathway have been cloned from rice and barley. DMAS was first isolated from rice (OsDMAS1) as a member of aldo-keto reductase super family (AKR) upregulated under Fe-deficiency and then its orthologs from barley (HvDMAS1), wheat (TaDMAS1), and maize (ZmDMAS1) were also cloned. Their nucleotide sequences indicate that OsDMAS1 encodes a predicted polypeptide of 318 amino acids, whereas the other three orthologs all encode predicted polypeptides of 314 amino acids and are highly homologous (82-97.5%) to each other. The DMAS genes belong to AKR and have homology to Papaver somniferum codeinone reductases (AKR4B2-3), and Medicago sativa (AKR4A2) and Glycine max (AKR4A1) chalcone polyketide reductases. Although strictly speaking it does not fall in to existing subfamilies of AKR4, however, after introduction of conservative substitutions, the identity with existing members of AKR4B reached up to 65% and ZmDMAS1, OsDMAS1, HvDMAS1 and TaDMAS1 were assigned the numbers from AKR4B5 to AKR4B8 respectively. DMAS proteins were expressed in E. coli. as maltose binding fusion proteins and all the recombinant proteins showed DMA synthesis activity in vitro. Their enzymatic activities were highest at pH 8 to 9, consistent with the hypothesis that DMA is synthesized in subcellular vesicles. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of each of the above DMAS genes is upregulated under Fe-deficient conditions in root tissue, and that of OsDMAS1 and TaDMAS1 are upregulated in shoot tissue. Western blot analysis confirmed that expression of DMAS is upregulated under Fe-deficiency. Moreover, it seems that low expression of DMAS is a rate limiting factor responsible for the low production of MAs in rice. OsDMAS1 promoter-GUS analysis in Fe-sufficient roots showed that its expression is restricted to cells participating in long-distance transport, and that it is highly upregulated in entire root under Fe-deficient conditions. In shoot tissue, OsDMAS1 promoter drove expression in vascular bundles specifically under Fe-deficient conditions. With the cloning of graminaceous DMAS, all the genes of MA biosynthetic pathway have been cloned form barley and rice. The cloning of DMAS is an important step in understanding the Fe acquisition and will help to develop transgenic rice highly tolerant to Fe-deficiency in alkaline soils. //2). Cloning and characterlization of glutathione reductase from barely// Glutathione reductase (GR) plays an important role in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants like salt stress, high temperature, low temperature and pathogen attack. Although GR is also involved in response to Fe-toxicity, little is know about expression patterns of GR under Fe-deficient conditions. The expression patterns and enzyme activities of GR in graminaceous plants under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions were examined by isolating cDNA clones for chloroplastic GR (HvGR1) and cytosolic GR (HvGR2) from barley. It was found that the sequences of GR1 and GR2 were highly conserved in graminaceous plants. Based on their nucleotide sequences, HvGR1 and HvGR2 were predicted to encode polypeptides of 550 and 497 amino acids, respectively. Both proteins showed in vitro GR activity, and the specific activity for HvGR1 was threefold that of HvGR2. Northern blot analyses were performed to examine the expression patterns of GR1 and GR2 in rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and maize (Zea mays). HvGR1, HvGR2, and TaGR2 were upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Moreover, HvGR1 and TaGR1 were mainly expressed in shoot tissues, whereas HvGR2 and TaGR2 were primarily observed in root tissues. It was observed that the expression of HvGR2 follows a diurnal rhythm in Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient plants. The GR activity increased in roots of barley, wheat, and maize and shoot tissues of rice, barley, and maize in response to Fe-deficiency. Furthermore, it appeared that GR was not posttranscriptionally regulated, at least in rice, wheat, and barley. These results suggest that GR may play a role in the Fe-deficiency induced stress response in graminaceous plants.//3). Cloning and Characterization of OsGTL1// Glutathione (GSH) is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development including redox control, storage and transport of reduced sulfur, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The transport and compartmentalization of GSH is essential to perform all these functions. A GSH transporter (GT) like genes was cloned from rice (OsGTL1) to understand its role in mitigating Fe-deficiency stress. OsGTL1 is a putative member of oligopeptide transporters (OPT) family, and was identified through microarray analysis as its expression was highly upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency in root and shoot tissue. OsGTL1 was predicted to encode a polypeptide of 757 amino acids containing 12 putative transmembrane domains. It contains the NPG domain (NPGPFxxKEH) and KP domain (KLGHYMKIPPR) earlier identified in AtOPTs. Seven homologs of OsGTL1 were identified in rice including previously characterized OsGT1. OsGTL1 showed high homology i.e. 82% homology to BjGT1 and 80% homology to AtOPT3. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of OsGTL1 is induced in response to Fe deficiency. OsGTL1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was localized to the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cell. Electrophysiological measurements using Xenopus leavis oocytes showed that OsGTL1 is a functional GSH transporter. GUS expression driven by OsGTL1 promoter was not observed in Fe-sufficient roots. In contrast, in Fe-deficient roots, high level of OsGTL1 promoter derived GUS expression was observed near root tips and the expression diluted as the distance from root tip increased. In shoot tissue, OsGTL1 promoter's expression was observed in whole leaf under Fe-deficient and specifically in vascular bundle under Fe-sufficient conditions. These results suggested that OsGTL1 is a novel glutathione transporter up-regulated under Fe-deficient conditions and may play a critical role in Fe-deficiency induced stress in rice. | |||||
書誌情報 | 発行日 2007-03-22 | |||||
日本十進分類法 | ||||||
主題 | 616 | |||||
主題Scheme | NDC | |||||
学位名 | ||||||
学位名 | 博士(農学) | |||||
学位 | ||||||
値 | doctoral | |||||
学位分野 | ||||||
Agriculture(農学) | ||||||
学位授与機関 | ||||||
学位授与機関名 | University of Tokyo (東京大学) | |||||
研究科・専攻 | ||||||
Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (農学生命科学研究科農学国際専攻) | ||||||
学位授与年月日 | ||||||
学位授与年月日 | 2007-03-22 | |||||
学位授与番号 | ||||||
学位授与番号 | 甲第22448号 | |||||
学位記番号 | ||||||
博農第3172号 |