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The tax smoothing hypothesis, which implies that budget deficits and surpluses are used optimally to minimize the distortionally effects of taxation, alone cannot provide complete answer to this question. Thus we move to the political economy model of fiscal policy and investigate the political determinants of budget deficits. We find that cabinet approval rating and LDP\u0027s share of the seats in the Lower House are negatively correlated with excessive deficits. These findings are consistent with the theoretical predictions : weak or fragmented coalition governments have large deficits. Our results suggest that fiscal imbalance was partly attributable to the political change in the 1990s.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_4_full_name_3": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "107842", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Nakazato, Toru"}]}]}, "item_4_publisher_20": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240"}]}, "item_4_source_id_10": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9ID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN00108966", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_4_source_id_8": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "03873307", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_4_subject_15": {"attribute_name": "\u65e5\u672c\u5341\u9032\u5206\u985e\u6cd5", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_subject": "300", "subitem_subject_scheme": "NDC"}]}, "item_4_text_21": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo"}]}, "item_4_text_34": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Departmental Bulletin Paper"}]}, "item_4_text_4": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u6240\u5c5e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "\u4e0a\u667a\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u4e2d\u91cc, \u900f"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "107841", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2017-06-26"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "KJ00004192068.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "1.0 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 1000000.0, "url": {"label": "KJ00004192068.pdf", "url": "https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/17243/files/KJ00004192068.pdf"}, "version_id": "951c157d-ba33-4540-bbe9-ac917fbe566f"}]}, "item_keyword": {"attribute_name": "\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_subject": "\u8ca1\u653f\u8d64\u5b57", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u8ab2\u7a0e\u5e73\u6e96\u5316", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u74b0\u5883", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u9023\u7acb\u653f\u6a29", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u653f\u6a29\u57fa\u76e4\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u5316", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "\u8a00\u8a9e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "\u8ca1\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u306f\u306a\u305c\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b? : \u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306890\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u8ca1\u653f\u904b\u55b6", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "\u8ca1\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u306f\u306a\u305c\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b? : \u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306890\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u8ca1\u653f\u904b\u55b6"}]}, "item_type_id": "4", "owner": "1", "path": ["55/864/962/968", "9/504/867/964/969"], "permalink_uri": "http://hdl.handle.net/2261/15424", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_value": "2008-09-19"}, "publish_date": "2008-09-19", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "17243", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u8ca1\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u306f\u306a\u305c\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b? : \u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306890\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u8ca1\u653f\u904b\u55b6"], "weko_shared_id": null}