{"created":"2021-10-29T06:02:09.541914+00:00","id":2002774,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"ec6bb01d-db01-4cdb-a554-2077bce5fa26"},"_deposit":{"id":"2002774","owner":"1","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2002774"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp:02002774","sets":["23:3252:3253:1635481890437:1635481924110","9:504:3256:1635481657979:1635481746381"]},"author_link":[],"item_4_alternative_title_1":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"アイロニーに関する「ふり」説と「エコー」説の等価性について","subitem_alternative_title_language":"ja"}]},"item_4_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2021-10","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"TULIP","bibliographicPageEnd":"246","bibliographicPageStart":"221","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"43","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"東京大学言語学論集 = Tokyo University linguistic papers (TULIP)"}]}]},"item_4_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"On the classic conception, irony is a trope in which the speaker conveys the opposite of what the sentence she utters literally means. Both the pretense account and the echoic account mark a radical departure from this long-standing view of irony. According to the pretense account, a person who ironically says that P merely pretends to say that P, making the utterance forceless. The echoic account maintains that the ironist echoes a thought she tacitly attributes to some person or type of person, while dissociating herself from that thought. This paper attempts to show that, contrary to what Sperber and Wilson have repeatedly claimed, the pretense theory has at least as much explanatory power as the echoic theory. The misconception of the pretense theory has to do with the misrepresentation of Grice as a proponent of the classic theory. Although Grice claims that the ironist blatantly flouts the first maxim of Quality, thus making as if to say that P, it is incorrect to construe the ironist as saying that not P instead of P. As Dummett says, acting the making of assertions is not doing less than making assertions, but doing more than that. The fact that the outrageousness of the utterance ‘P, but I don’t believe that P’, a phenomenon known as ‘Moore’s Paradox’, persists even when P is uttered ironically suggests that the ironist presents P as true, or equivalently, presents herself as performing an illocutionary act of asserting that P. In Ducrot’s terminology, the utterer presents the agent of the locutionary act, the speaker, as identical with the agent of the illocutionary act, the enunciator. What characterizes irony as opposed to normal forceful utterances is that, while the utterer presents P as true, the circumstances manifestly contradict S’s believing in the truth of P, and that S expects this to be recognized as such. A clear distinction must be made between the fact that it is manifest that P is forceless and the fact that the speaker can avow that she attributes the belief that P to some other agent from whom she distances herself. The ironist presents P as forceful, while making it manifest, without avowing it, that she is distinct from the enunciator of P. The possibility for the ironist to pretend to perform the illocutionary act of asserting that P without thereby pretending to perform any locutionary act associated with P is what makes the pretense account of irony substantially equivalent to the echoic account.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"古典的定義によると、アイロニーは文の字義通りの意味と反対の意味を伝えるための修辞技法であるとされる。アイロニーに関する「ふり」説と「エコー」説はいずれもこの古典的定義からの脱却を図る。「ふり」説によると、アイロニー的にP を発話する者は、P を言うふりをしているにすぎず、P は発語内効力を伴わない。「エコー」説によると、アイロニーの発話者は、ある人ないしあるタイプの人に暗黙裡に帰属された思考をエコーし、その思考に対する乖離的態度を示す。この論文では、スペルベルとウィルソンが繰り返し表明する見解に反し、「ふり」説が「エコー」説と少なくとも同等の説明力を有することを論じる。「ふり」説に関する誤解は、グライスをアイロニーの古典的理論の擁護者とする誤読と密接に関連している。たしかにグライスは、アイロニーが質の第一格率にあからさまに違反する発話であり、P を言ったかのように見せかける発話であると述べるが、これを「発話者はP を言っていない(むしろnot P を言った)」と解釈するのは誤りである。ダメットの言うように、主張行為を行うように見せかけることは、主張行為を行うことから何かを差し引くことことではなく、むしろそれに何かをプラスすることにほかならない。「P である。しかし私はP だとは思わない」という発話が矛盾を含まないにもかかわらず奇異に響く現象は「ムーアのパラドックス」と呼ばれる。このパラドックスはたとえP がアイロニーとして発話された場合でも同じように生じる。このことから、アイロニーの発話者がP を真なるものとして提示している(P を言っている)こと、すなわち自らを、P を主張する発語内行為を遂行する者として提示していることがわかる。デュクロの用語では、アイロニーの発話者は、発語行為の遂行者である「話し手(speaker)」が、発語内行為の遂行者である「発話者(enunciator)」と同一人物であるという体で発話を行っており、この点でアイロニーとそれ以外に違いはない。アイロニーの特徴は、発話者S がP を真なるものとして提示する一方で、状況からしてS がP だと思っていないことが明白であり、かつその事実が認識されることを発話者が期待している点にある。「P が発語内効力を伴わないことが明白であること」と「発話者がP を他の主体に帰属させていることを明言することができること」ははっきり区別される必要がある。アイロニーの発話者は、P を主張する行為を遂行している体裁をとりつつ、同時に自らがP の発話者(enunciator)でないことが明白であるようにふるまう。P を主張する発語内行為を遂行するふりをしつつ、P を発する発語行為を遂行するふりはしないということは可能であり、このことが「ふり」説を「エコー」説と実質的に等価なものにする。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_4_description_6":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文 Articles","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15083/0002002774","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_4_publisher_20":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部言語学研究室","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"},{"subitem_publisher":"Department of Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo","subitem_publisher_language":"en"}]},"item_4_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN10148796","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_4_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"13458663","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_4_text_4":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"ja","subitem_text_value":"早稲田大学"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorAffiliations":[{"affiliationNames":[{"affiliationName":"早稲田大学","affiliationNameLang":"ja"}]}],"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sakai, Tomohiro","creatorNameLang":"en"},{"creatorName":"酒井　智宏","creatorNameLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2021-10-29"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"ggr_043012.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"698.3 KB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/2002774/files/ggr_043012.pdf"},"version_id":"abb0c6cd-4c71-4952-aee8-6e2e08548936"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"irony","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"pretense","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"illocutionary force","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"enunciator","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Moore’s Paradox","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"maxim of Quality","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"アイロニー","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"ふり","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"発語内効力","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"発話者","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"ムーアのパラドックス","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"質の格率","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"On the Equivalence of the Pretense Account and Echoic Account of Irony","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"On the Equivalence of the Pretense Account and Echoic Account of Irony","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"4","owner":"1","path":["1635481924110","1635481746381"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2021-10-29"},"publish_date":"2021-10-29","publish_status":"0","recid":"2002774","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["On the Equivalence of the Pretense Account and Echoic Account of Irony"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2022-12-19T05:12:49.679318+00:00"}