{"created":"2023-11-17T08:37:43.217098+00:00","id":2008120,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"6cd4cb7e-ab17-45b8-9036-28f940dd9230"},"_deposit":{"created_by":18,"id":"2008120","owner":"18","owners":[18],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2008120"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp:02008120","sets":["23:3252:3253:1700116236657:1700116260269","9:504:3256:1700116102683:1700116146221"]},"author_link":[],"item_4_alternative_title_1":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"外在主義とは何でないか"}]},"item_4_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2023-10-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"TULIP","bibliographicPageEnd":"201","bibliographicPageStart":"181","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"45","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"東京大学言語学論集 = Tokyo University linguistic papers (TULIP)"}]}]},"item_4_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Little has been written and much has been misunderstood by linguists about externalism. The purpose of this paper is to dispel some of the misunderstanding surrounding externalism. First of all, externalism does not hold that no mental entity is involved in understanding a word. Stereotypes are, or ought to be, in the mind, even though they are often insufficient, or even inappropriate, to determine the extension of the word in question. Secondly, externalism does not consider natural kind terms such as ‘water’ to belong to the category of context-dependent expressions on a par with absolutely indexical words such as ‘I’. While the reference, but not the linguistic meaning, of ‘I’ depends on the context of utterance, the linguistic meaning of ‘water’ cannot be determined unless we take into account the physical environment in which the word form is tokened. Thirdly, externalism does not necessarily imply natural kind essentialism. Although Kripke is committed to such modal notions as ‘possible world’, ‘rigid designation’ and ‘(metaphysical) necessity’, Putnam’s Twin Earth thought experiment does not hang on any modal notions which may lead to the view that water = H2O in all possible worlds. Finally, externalism does not hold that meaning and mental content are outside the head. Rather, it is the view that meaning and mental content are partly dependent for their individuation on one’s external environment. Although linguistics has largely opted for internalism or individualism, no decisive argument has been adduced to demonstrate that everything about externalism is irrelevant to linguistics.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"言語学者の多くは外在主義に関心を示さず、外在主義は多くの誤解に晒されてきた。この論文の目的はそうした誤解のいくつかを払拭することにある。第一に、外在主義は言語理解に心的なものが関与しないという立場ではない。パトナムの言うステレオタイプは言語表現の外延を決定するために不十分であるものの、言語使用者の頭の中にある。第二に、外在主義は「水」のような自然種名が「私」のような指標詞の仲間であるとは考えない。「私」の指示対象は文脈に依存するが、「私」の言語的意味は文脈とは独立に定まっている。これに対して、外在主義が正しければ、「水」の言語的意味はこの語が導入された物理的環境に依存する。第三に、外在主義は必ずしも本質主義を含意するわけではない。クリプキは可能世界、固定指示、(形而上学的)必然性といった様相概念を用い、「水は本質的に(= すべての可能世界で、必然的に)H2O である」と主張したが、パトナムの双子地球の思考実験が成立するためにそうした強い様相的主張は必要ない。第四に、外在主義は意味と思考の内容が物理的に心の外にあるという立場ではない。外在主義は意味と思考の内容が言語使用者/思考主体の外的環境を考慮に入れない限り決定されない(ことがある)という立場である。言語学は外在主義に背を向け、内在主義/個体主義を採用する傾向があるが、これまでのところ外在主義があらゆる点で言語学と無縁であることは示されていない。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_4_description_6":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文 Articles","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15083/0002008120","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_4_publisher_20":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部言語学研究室","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"},{"subitem_publisher":"Department of Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo","subitem_publisher_language":"en"}]},"item_4_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN10148796","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_4_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"13458663","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_4_text_4":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"ja","subitem_text_value":"早稲田大学"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorAffiliations":[{"affiliationNames":[{"affiliationName":"早稲田大学","affiliationNameLang":"ja"}]}],"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sakai, Tomohiro","creatorNameLang":"en"},{"creatorName":" 酒井　智宏","creatorNameLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_access","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-11-17"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"ggr_045010.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"808.4 KB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/2008120/files/ggr_045010.pdf"},"version_id":"0f9eeec0-92bb-4bdd-ad9b-c8771957a00e"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"externalism","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"stereotype","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"indexicality","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"essentialism","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"locus of meaning","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"外在主義","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"ステレオタイプ","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"指標性","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"本質主義","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"意味のありか","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"What Externalism Is Not (Necessarily)","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"What Externalism Is Not (Necessarily)","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"4","owner":"18","path":["1700116146221","1700116260269"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2023-11-17"},"publish_date":"2023-11-17","publish_status":"0","recid":"2008120","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["What Externalism Is Not (Necessarily)"],"weko_creator_id":"18","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2024-02-21T02:29:59.338887+00:00"}