{"created":"2021-03-01T06:45:36.674681+00:00","id":27462,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"6dc5c9fa-d2b9-4f41-af92-f834aec98c4f"},"_deposit":{"id":"27462","owners":[],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"27462"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp:00027462","sets":["23:3252:3253:3261:3265","9:504:3256:3263:3266"]},"item_4_alternative_title_1":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"The Puzzle of Non-existential Statements and Singular Propositions"}]},"item_4_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2015-09-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"TULIP","bibliographicPageEnd":"151","bibliographicPageStart":"131","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"36","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"東京大学言語学論集"}]}]},"item_4_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"この論文の目的は、固有名に関する記述主義をサポートする証処とみなされてきた非存在言明のパズルが、実は、記述主義と相反する立場である単称主義をサポートするものであることを示すことである。固有名に関するもっとも素朴でもっとも直観にかなった考え方は、「固有名＝個体につけられたラベル」というJ.S.ミルに代表される考え方である。ところが、この考え方のもとでは「ペガサスは存在しない」のような非存在言明がパズルを引き起こすことが知られている。「ペガサス」によって指示される個体についてそれが「存在しない」と述べるのは矛盾でしかないからである。そこで、ラッセルは、自然言語の固有名が実は固有名ではなく偽装された記述であるとする記述主義を唱えた。しかし、クリプキが指摘したように、固有名に関する記述主義には問題が多い。それゆえ、もし可能であれば、ミル説と非存在言明の問題とを両立させることが望ましい。この論文では、非存在言明を文法的注釈とみなす野矢（2002/2006）の考え方と、「切り裂きジャック」のような記述名を「いずれ記述を介さずに対象を指示できるようになることを期待された名前」とみなすRecanati(1993）の考え方を統合し、「PNは存在しない」が「『PNはQだ』は単称命題ではない」(Qは任意の述語）を意味すると考えることで、ミル説と非存在言明の両立が可能であることを示す。「『PNはQだ』は単称命題ではない」という意味記述は単称主義を前提とするため、この意味記述を採用すれば、単称主義のもとで非存在言明のパズルが自動的に解決されることになる。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"The purpose of this paper is to show that the puzzle of non-existential statements, which has long been considered to support Descriptivism, can in fact be accounted for within Singularism as suggested by J.S. Mill. The Millian view on the semantics of proper names regards proper names as labels for individuals. This view, however, is known to give rise to a puzzle when confronted with a non-existential statement such as \"Pegasus does not exist\", to the extent that the statement denies the very existence of Pegasus denoted by the subject NP. According to Descriptivism as defended by Russell, this puzzle suggests that alleged proper names in natural language are not proper names in the true sense of the term, but disguised descriptions. Since Descriptivism raises more problems than it solves, however, it is better to find a solution for the puzzle within the Millian framework. By drawing on Noya's (2002/2006) idea that non-existential statements are nothing but grammatical statements on the use of proper names, as well as on Recanati's (I 993) view that de Jure any proper name demands that its referent be thought of non-descriptively, this paper argues that the statement \"PN does not exist\" means that for any predicate Q, \"Q (PN)\" fails to express a singular proposition. The fact that this semantic description presupposes Singularism as opposed to Descriptivism suggests that, as against the traditional conception mentioned above, non-existential statements raise no puzzle for the Millian view on proper names.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_4_description_6":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文 Articles","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"152405","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Sakai, Tomohiro"}]}]},"item_4_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15083/00027453","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_4_publisher_20":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部言語学研究室"}]},"item_4_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN10148796","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_4_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"13458663","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_4_text_21":{"attribute_name":"出版者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"Department of Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo"}]},"item_4_text_4":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"早稲田大学"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"酒井, 智宏"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"152404","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-10-12"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"ggr036008.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"967.1 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"ggr036008.pdf","url":"https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/27462/files/ggr036008.pdf"},"version_id":"deb90e46-42b9-4ba7-ad18-79e324544456"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"非存在言明","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"単称命題","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"固有名","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"記述名","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"記述主義","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"non-existential statement","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"singular proposition","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"proper name","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"descriptive name","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"descriptivism","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"非存在言明のパズルと単称命題","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"非存在言明のパズルと単称命題"}]},"item_type_id":"4","owner":"1","path":["3266","3265"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2015-11-12"},"publish_date":"2015-11-12","publish_status":"0","recid":"27462","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["非存在言明のパズルと単称命題"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":null},"updated":"2022-12-19T04:05:28.078413+00:00"}