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The comparative studies of welfare states, led by Espin-Anderson, emphasize diversity of their types and imply their stability against the external pressures. This article questions this positionarguing that previous studies have slighted internal forces from their common similarity to private benefits although they successfully pointed out that aspect of welfare states. Analyzing changes of private pension plans in the United States, I describe the internal dynamism of the welfare states. Traditional private pensions called \"\"defined benefit plans\"\" prevailed as tools for employers, and unions, to reinforce isolation of their employees from the outside labor market until 1970s. The rapid growth of defined contribution plans, like 401(k)s, in recent decades means active change by employers to keep the tools useful for them in the emerging post-industrial economy. It consists not only from dismantling of the tools but also from renewal of them with concept of \"\"property right of pension\"\". This aspect can be a key to understand the recent restructuring of the welfare states.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_4_full_name_3": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "107587", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "YOSHIDA, Kenzo"}]}]}, "item_4_publisher_20": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240"}]}, "item_4_source_id_10": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9ID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN00108966", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_4_source_id_8": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "03873307", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_4_text_21": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo"}]}, "item_4_text_34": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "Departmental Bulletin Paper"}]}, "item_4_text_4": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u6240\u5c5e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "\u677e\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8"}, {"subitem_text_value": "\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u30d0\u30fc\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u6821 \u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u5409\u7530, \u5065\u4e09"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "107586", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2017-06-26"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "KJ00005386628.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "2.7 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 2700000.0, "url": {"label": "KJ00005386628.pdf", "url": "https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/record/17114/files/KJ00005386628.pdf"}, "version_id": "7c798005-f1f5-49f7-b138-b94e256d23a0"}]}, "item_keyword": {"attribute_name": "\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_subject": "\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u578b\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u6bd4\u8f03\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u4f01\u696d\u5e74\u91d1", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "401(k)", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "\u8a00\u8a9e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "\u6bd4\u8f03\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066 : \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051(\u003c\u7279\u96c6\u003e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30fb\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6)", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "\u6bd4\u8f03\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066 : \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051(\u003c\u7279\u96c6\u003e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30fb\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6)"}]}, "item_type_id": "4", "owner": "1", "path": ["55/864/932/933", "9/504/867/934/935"], "permalink_uri": "http://hdl.handle.net/2261/28552", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_value": "2009-11-06"}, "publish_date": "2009-11-06", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "17114", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u6bd4\u8f03\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066 : \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051(\u003c\u7279\u96c6\u003e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u30fb\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u798f\u7949\u56fd\u5bb6)"], "weko_shared_id": null}