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Thought experiments in support of social externalism relies on the notion of incomplete misunderstanding as opposed to linguistic error and non-standard theorizing. Thus, according to Burge (1979/2007), a person who utters or thinks, \u2018I have arthritis in my thigh\u2019, betrays an incomplete understanding of the concept of arthritis, and the possibility of incomplete understanding is sufficient for the externalist thesis to follow. A question arises as to whether the notion of incomplete understanding is necessary for social externalism, or, equivalently, whether social externalism essentially relies on incomplete understanding. Wikforss (2001, 2004) maintains, as against Sawyer (2003), that the answer is affirmative and that incomplete understanding presupposes analyticity, a notion Quine (1951) famously dismissed as ill-grounded. This paper argues that social externalism essentially relies on incomplete understanding without analyticity, stemming from misunderstanding of certain (but not all) prototypes. A person who does not think that birds fly betrays an incomplete understanding of the concept of bird while perfectly understanding the meaning of the word \u2018bird\u2019, insofar as \u2018meaning\u2019 is equated with \u2018intension and extension\u2019. That birds fly is a conceptual truth about birds, but it is nevertheless not an analytic truth. Wikforss (2001, 2004) is right in claiming that social externalism essentially relies on incomplete understanding, but is mistaken in claiming that incomplete understanding presupposes analyticity. Prototype semantics as assumed in cognitive linguistics favors social externalism, contrary to the official view of the school.", "subitem_description_language": "en", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}, {"subitem_description": "\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306a\u3044\u3057\u53cd\u500b\u4f53\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u306f\u3001\u610f\u5473\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u500b\u4eba/\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u500b\u4eba/\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u5185\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u307f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\u306f\u300c(\u6982\u5ff5\u306e)\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u8a00\u8a9e\u4e0a\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u300d\u3068\u5bfe\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002Burge (1979/2007)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067I have arthritis 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Incomplete Understanding Without Analyticity : Prototype Semantics and Social Externalism
https://doi.org/10.15083/0002005844
12cd1338-a583-428a-88fb-2f633f346875
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション | |
|---|---|---|---|
ggr_e044006.pdf (766.6 KB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2022-11-17 | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | Incomplete Understanding Without Analyticity : Prototype Semantics and Social Externalism | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | eng | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | social externalism | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | incomplete understanding | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | analytic truth | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | conceptual truth | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | prototype | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | 社会的外在主義 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | 不完全理解 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | 分析的真理 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | 概念的真理 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題 | プロトタイプ | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||
| 資源 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||
| タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15083/0002005844 | |||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||
| その他のタイトル | ||||||||||
| その他のタイトル | 分析性なき不完全理解 : プロトタイプ意味論と社会的外在主義 | |||||||||
| 著者 |
酒井 智宏
× 酒井 智宏
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| 著者所属 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 著者所属 | 早稲田大学 | |||||||||
| 抄録 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | Social externalism or anti-individualism is the view that meaning and mental content depend on the speaker’s social environment, her internal state being insufficient for their individuation. Thought experiments in support of social externalism relies on the notion of incomplete misunderstanding as opposed to linguistic error and non-standard theorizing. Thus, according to Burge (1979/2007), a person who utters or thinks, ‘I have arthritis in my thigh’, betrays an incomplete understanding of the concept of arthritis, and the possibility of incomplete understanding is sufficient for the externalist thesis to follow. A question arises as to whether the notion of incomplete understanding is necessary for social externalism, or, equivalently, whether social externalism essentially relies on incomplete understanding. Wikforss (2001, 2004) maintains, as against Sawyer (2003), that the answer is affirmative and that incomplete understanding presupposes analyticity, a notion Quine (1951) famously dismissed as ill-grounded. This paper argues that social externalism essentially relies on incomplete understanding without analyticity, stemming from misunderstanding of certain (but not all) prototypes. A person who does not think that birds fly betrays an incomplete understanding of the concept of bird while perfectly understanding the meaning of the word ‘bird’, insofar as ‘meaning’ is equated with ‘intension and extension’. That birds fly is a conceptual truth about birds, but it is nevertheless not an analytic truth. Wikforss (2001, 2004) is right in claiming that social externalism essentially relies on incomplete understanding, but is mistaken in claiming that incomplete understanding presupposes analyticity. Prototype semantics as assumed in cognitive linguistics favors social externalism, contrary to the official view of the school. | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 抄録 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 社会的外在主義ないし反個体主義とは、意味および心的内容が個人/個体の社会的環境に依存し、個人/個体の内的状態のみによっては決定されないとする立場である。この立場を支持する思考実験は「(概念の)不完全理解」と呼ばれる状態を仮定する。これは「言語上の誤り」および「非標準的な考え方」と対置される状態である。Burge (1979/2007)によると、たとえば英語でI have arthritis と発話/思考する主体はarthritis という概念を不完全に理解しており、この不完全理解の仮定から社会的外在主義のテーゼが帰結する。ここで、社会的外在主義にとって不完全理解の概念が必要であるかどうか、言い換えると社会的外在主義が不完全理解の概念に本質的に依拠するかどうかが問われる。Wikforss (2001, 2004)はこの問いにイエスと答え、Sawyer (2003)の説を退ける。そのうえで、不完全理解という想定はQuine (1951)によって葬り去られたはずの分析的真理という悪しき考え方を蘇らせるものであると主張する。この論文では、社会的外在主義が分析性なき不完全理解という概念に本質的に依拠することを論じる。分析性なき不完全理解はある種のプロトタイプに関する誤解から生じる。「鳥は空を飛ぶ」と思っていない主体は、鳥概念を不完全に理解しつつ、「鳥」という語の意味(すなわち内包と外延)は正しく理解している。このとき、「鳥は飛ぶ」は概念的真理ではあるものの分析的真理ではない。Wikforss (2001,2004)は社会的外在主義が不完全理解の概念に本質的に依拠すると考える点では正しいが、不完全理解が分析性を前提とすると考える点で誤っている。認知言語学の採用するプロトタイプ意味論は、この学派の公式見解とは裏腹に、社会的外在主義をサポートする。 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 論文 Articles | |||||||||
| 書誌情報 |
東京大学言語学論集 = Tokyo University linguistic papers (TULIP) 巻 44, 号 eTULIP, p. e102-e132, 発行日 2022-10-31 |
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| ISSN | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 13458663 | |||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN10148796 | |||||||||
| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 出版者 | 東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部言語学研究室 | |||||||||
| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 出版者 | Department of Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo | |||||||||
